This paper begins with a review of stated goals of U.S. farm policy and then turns to a brief historical review of the U.S. agricultural policy from its beginnings in the late 1920s through the significant reforms embedded in the 1996 Farm Bill. After reviewing the progressive results in the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA), the paper turns to the 2002 Farm Bill, which reversed course in American agricultural policy. The center section of the paper addresses domestic forces that are conditioning the next farm bill. It then examines the state of the Doha Round agricultural negotiations, which are now entering a serious phase at the same time as preparations for writing the 2007 Farm Bill are getting under way. The paper concludes with some observations on prospects for agricultural policy reform in both the Doha Round and the 2007 Farm Bill.